Glossary of Cosmetic and Chemical Terms
| Penetration Enhancer These substances modify the structure of the skin, enhancing its absorption of other chemicals, allowing them to enter the bloodstream more rapidly. |
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| Petrochemical Chemical derived from petroleum or natural gas. |
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| pH A measure of a solution’s acidity or alkalinity, on a scale from 0 – 14, with 7 being neutral, greater than 7 being alkaline or basic and less than 7 more acidic. |
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| pH adjuster Alters the acidity/alkalinity of a product. The skin’s pH is naturally slightly acidic, so manufacturers adjust their products accordingly. |
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| Plasticiser A substance added to plastics to increase flexibility, reduce brittleness and modify flow properties. Plasticisers are often used in cosmetics such as nail polish to add texture and lustre. |
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| Polymer A high molecular-weight compound comprising repeating linked monomers e.g. polyethylene, nylon and the naturally occurring polymer, cellulose. |
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| Preservative Guards a product against the growth of undesirable microorganisms and spoilage, extending its shelf life and protecting the product against accidental contamination during consumer usage. |
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| Propellant A compressed gas used to deliver the contents of an aerosol. |